Topic: Chemistry
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Chitosan as a Growth Stimulator in Orchid Tissue Culture
The effect of shrimp and fungal chitosan on the growth and development of orchid plantmeristemic tissue in culture was investigated in liquid and on solid medium. The growth of meristem explants intoprotocorm-like bodies in liquid medium was accelerated up to 15 times in the presence of chitosan oligomer, the optimal concentration being 15 ppm. The 1 kDashrimp oligomer was slightly more effective compared to 10 kDashrimp chitosan and four times more active compared to high molecular weight 100 kDashrimp chitosan.
The 10 kDafungal chitosan was more effective compared with 1 kDaoligomer. The development of orchid protocorm into differentiated orchid tissue with primary shoots and roots was studied on solid agar medium. The optimal effect, the generation of 5-7 plantlets in 12 weeks was observed in the presence of 20 ppmusingeither 10 kDa fungal or 1kDa oligomer shrimp chitosan. The data are consistent with preliminary results from field experiments and confirm unequivocally thata minor amount of chitosan has a profound effect on the growth and development of orchid plant tissue.
Plant tissue culture is particular suitable to study the effect of chitosan on plants that grow and multiply slowly, like orchids. In the work presented here, the formation ofprotocorm-like bodies in meristem buds and the growth and differentiation of orchidprotocorm have been studied under the controlled conditions of tissue culture in the absence and presence of chitosan. Various chitosan preparations, both of crustacean and fungal origin have been compared in various concentrations.
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